Discussion on Lubrication Management of Industrial Lubricating Oil
Industrial lubricants are a technology-intensive product that must be guided by technology and services. In the sales of industrial lubricants, lubrication management is a very important topic. Only do a good job in lubricating oil management, in order to correctly use lubricating oil, in order to play the technical performance of lubricating oil, ensure the normal operation of equipment, extend the life of equipment, save lubricating oil, save energy, improve economic and social benefits.
Industrial lubricants are a technology-intensive product that must be guided by technology and services. In the sales of industrial lubricants, lubrication management is a very important topic. Only do a good job in lubricating oil management, in order to correctly use lubricating oil, in order to play the technical performance of lubricating oil, ensure the normal operation of equipment, extend the life of equipment, save lubricating oil, save energy, improve economic and social benefits.
Industrial lubricants are a technology-intensive product that must be guided by technology and services. In the sales of industrial lubricants, lubrication management is a very important topic. Only do a good job in lubricating oil management, in order to correctly use lubricating oil, in order to play the technical performance of lubricating oil, ensure the normal operation of equipment, extend the life of equipment, save lubricating oil, save energy, improve economic and social benefits.
Below we will talk about the lubrication management of industrial lubricants from several aspects.
Transportation and Storage of 1. Lubricants
(I) bulk oil
1. Containers for holding and storing lubricating oil must be clean and clean;
2. The transportation and storage of transformer oil and turbine oil require "special tank line"; Other oil products shall be equipped with storage and transportation facilities according to the three categories of internal combustion engine oil, hydraulic oil and gear oil;
3. During transportation and storage, special attention should be paid to prevent mixing with water and impurities;
The storage period of bulk lubricating oil is generally not more than half a year;
5. The density of lubricating oil is about 0.75~0.95 g/cm, which is lighter than water and insoluble in water. The flash point (opening) of lubricating oil is generally higher than 150 ℃, which is a combustible item. Attention should be paid to prevent outflow from polluting the environment and burning on fire during storage and transportation;
6. Indicate the name, brand, grade, quantity and date of storage;
7. In principle, the same oil produced by different manufacturers cannot be mixed for storage. If mixed storage is not possible, a "mixed pair test" should be conducted to confirm that there is no adverse reaction before operation.
(II) Barreled Oil
1. Barbaric operation is strictly prohibited for oil loading and unloading trucks. The height of oil stacking should be appropriate and the number of layers should not be too large, so as not to cause collapse danger or crush products;
2. During transportation and storage, special attention should be paid to prevent mixing with water and impurities;
The storage period of barrel lubricants can be longer than bulk, but generally not more than one year;
4. Different oil products should be stacked separately and clearly marked with the name, brand, grade, quantity and storage, so as not to make mistakes in delivery.
Management of 2. Lubricating Oil Use Process
Selection of (I) lubricating oil
Lubricating oil selection is the primary link in the use of lubricating oil, and it is the key to ensure the reasonable lubrication of equipment and give full play to the performance of lubricating oil.
1. The selection of lubricating oil should consider the following three elements:
(1) the actual use of mechanical equipment working conditions (I. e. working conditions);
(2) the designation or recommend of the mechanical equipment manufacturer's instructions;
(3) Lubricant manufacturer's regulations or recommend.
2. Selection of lubricating oil performance indicators
(1) Viscosity
Viscosity is the index of classification and grading of various lubricating oils, which is of decisive significance for quality identification and determination. The viscosity of lubricating oil for equipment shall be determined by checking relevant charts according to design or calculation data.
(2) Pour point
Pour point is an indicator that indirectly indicates the low temperature fluidity of lubricating oil during storage, transportation and use. Experience has proved that the use temperature of general lubricating oil must be 5~10 ℃ higher than the pour point.
(3) Flash point
The flash point is mainly a safety indicator for the storage, transportation and use of lubricating oil, and it is also an indicator for controlling the fraction and volatility of lubricating oil during production. The principle of lubricating oil flash point index is to leave 1/2 safety factor according to safety regulations, I .e. 1/2 higher than the actual use temperature. If the maximum oil temperature of the internal combustion engine oil pan does not exceed 120 ℃, the minimum flash point of the internal combustion engine oil is 180 ℃.
(4) Selection of performance indicators
There are many performance indicators, and there is a wide gap between different varieties. It should be reasonably decided by combining the working conditions of the equipment, the requirements of the manufacturer and the description and introduction of oil products. Efforts to meet the technical requirements of lubrication and economic and reasonable.
Substitutes for (II) lubricants
Different types of lubricants have their own characteristics or differences in performance. Therefore, it is required to correctly and reasonably select lubricating oil, avoid substitution, and disorderly substitution is not allowed.
2. The principle of lubricating oil substitution
(1) Try to use the same type of oil or oil with similar performance.
(2) The viscosity should be equivalent. The viscosity of the substitute oil should not exceed 15% of the original oil. Priority should be given to the oil with slightly higher viscosity for substitution.
(3) the quality of high generation of low.
(4) When selecting alternative oil, attention should also be paid to the environment and working temperature of the equipment.
Mixing of (III) lubricants
Different types of brands, different manufacturers, new and old oil should be avoided as far as possible. Mixing of the following oils is absolutely prohibited.
(1) military special oil, special oil can not be mixed with other oil products.
(2) Oil products with anti-emulsification performance requirements shall not be mixed with oil products without anti-emulsification requirements.
(3) Anti-ammonia turbine oil shall not be mixed with other turbine oil.
(4) containing Zn anti-wear hydraulic oil can not be mixed with anti-silver hydraulic oil.
(5) gear oil can not be mixed with worm gear oil.
2. The following situations can be mixed:
(1) Similar quality products of the same manufacturer.
(2) the same manufacturer of different brands of products.
(3) Different types of oil products, if you know that the two components of the mixture do not contain additives.
(4) There is no abnormal phenomenon and obvious performance change of different types of oil products after mixing test.
3. There are many kinds of additives added to the internal combustion engine oil, and the performance is different; the mixing of oil products that do not understand the performance must be cautious. So as not to cause adverse consequences or even equipment lubrication accidents.
Pollution Control of 3. Lubricating Oil
Lubrication accidents are mainly caused by pollution, except for improper selection or use of lubricating oil.
1. The substances that pollute the lubricating oil include dust, impurities, and moisture.
The control of contamination degree is very important for the wear resistance of hydraulic oil, turbine oil, hydrostatic oil film bearing oil and high speed bearing oil.
3. Measures to control pollution:
(1) The container for storing and transporting lubricating oil must be clean and airtight, and not in contact with copper, tin and other metals that are easy to promote the oxidation and deterioration of lubricating oil.
(2) The oil shall be settled and filtered before being added to the equipment to ensure that the quietness reaches above grade 5.
(3) The refueling container shall not be exposed in the atmosphere, especially the oil container shall not be without cover.
(4) The oil tank storing lubricating oil should be cleaned regularly and discharged in time.
(5) Air filter respirator shall be set on the oil tank or oil tank, filter and dust cap with more than 100 mesh shall be set at the oil filler, and all parts shall be sealed well. Filter and drain valve shall be set at appropriate parts of the lubrication system.
4. Transformer oil and other electrical oils have high water requirements. Try to change the oil when the weather is dry, and the oil after opening should be added to the equipment immediately.
Monitoring of 4. Lubricating Oil in Use
Lubricating oil will gradually age and deteriorate during use, which is an inevitable law. There are two kinds of aging metamorphism: one is normal aging metamorphism; the other is abnormal metamorphism due to abnormal factors such as water pollution. Monitoring the use status of lubricating oil can timely grasp the technical status of oil, prevent equipment lubrication accidents and prolong the service life of oil.
1. Methods of monitoring
(1) Check the operation personnel to implement the "five fixed" specification of equipment lubrication.
(2) Sampling and observing the appearance of the oil, and checking the color, transparency and smell of the oil.
(3) Regular viscosity, flash point, moisture, acid (or base value) and other key physical and chemical indicators that can reflect changes in oil quality.
(4) If there is no laboratory, moisture explosion test and spot test can be carried out.
(5) analysis with modern instruments. If the change of additives in oil is measured by infrared spectrometer, the change of metal abrasive particles or elements in oil is measured by iron spectrometer or ICP emission spectrum. Instrumental analysis is fast and accurate, which is of great significance to the lubrication management of large-scale key equipment such as generator sets.
Replacement of 5. lubricating oil
After the lubricating oil is used for a period of time (months, years or even decades), it will gradually deteriorate due to its own oxidation and the influence of external factors in the use process, and its performance will decrease or change, and it must be replaced in due course.
1. Determination of oil change time
(1) Determine the oil change time according to the results of the inspection and evaluation; However, the current difficulty is that there is still a lack of scrap standards for various oil products.
(2) According to the recommend of lubricating oil manufacturers and equipment manufacturers, combined with actual use experience, regular replacement.
2. Oil change note
(1) Do not make an oil change decision easily, and try to extend the service life of the oil.
(2) Try to change the oil in combination with the inspection period.
(3) Do not easily scrap when changing oil. If the oil quality is still good, it can be slightly processed (such as sedimentation and filtration, removal of water impurities) and then used for secondary equipment. Waste oil should be collected to facilitate future treatment and prevent environmental pollution.
6. to prevent lubricating oil from endangering health
Many petroleum products are harmful to the human body. If the skin is not cleaned in time, it may cause dermatitis and pimples in mild cases, and rash or skin tumor in severe cases. If you enter the mouth or inhale the body by mistake, gastrointestinal diseases or pneumonia will occur in mild cases, and cancer may occur in severe cases. Therefore, in the process of transportation and use, you should be careful not to get oil on food, not into the respiratory tract, and not to get It is covered with oil or the ground is covered with oil, which not only causes waste to the country, but also hinders personal hygiene.
Animal tests have proved that the toxicity of refined mineral oil lubricating oil is low, but the harm of lubricating oil with additives increases and protection must be paid attention. Even if the new oil is non-toxic, deterioration and pollution during use will increase its harmfulness, so be careful not to contaminate the skin, especially not to inhale or eat it. If you accidentally get it on your body, rinse it with water immediately.
The replaced lubricating oil has deteriorated and can only be treated as waste oil. These waste oils should be properly treated to avoid environmental pollution.
1. These waste oils should be collected and treated in a unified way. Buckets or bottles containing lubricating oil should not be littered anywhere and should be handled in a unified and proper way to prevent adverse effects on the environment.
2. After the use of lubricating oil, especially lubricating oil containing more additives, it is difficult to recycle, but it can generally be burned as fuel oil after simple treatment.
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